Air transport became an important part of world’s transport system the interest in which is continuously growing. At present air transport is responsible for billions passenger and cargo transportations. Each year the volume of air cargo transportations increases and doubles every ten years. Such rapid growth rates pose many problems associated with the ATS in the uploaded area. One of the most important activities of systems and services of civil aviation is the providing of safety of flights compliance with a given level of which is an indispensable condition for flight operations [4; 28]. Safety of flights is a complex concept relating to air transport system. It defines the ability to perform flights without danger to human life and health. Safety of flights in the system ATM is called the system's ability to function in given conditions so that the system parameters are not out to assure (safe) value. Now the air navigation system operates almost at the maximum of their capabilities. Increased traffic intensity in the airspace leads to the fact that used for air traffic control methods [19] not meets the requirements of efficiency flight operations.
Rapidly changing economic situation in the world, steady growth of competition in the air transport forced to seek ways to improve the efficiency of air transport. The results of the detailed investigations indicate the enormous reserves which can be implemented in more efficient building of CNS/ATM systems, whose main task is to increase economic efficiency and safety and the provision of air traffic participants greater autonomy for choosing the optimal modes of flight [17].
According to the experts in the field of air transport, airlines lose 3.5 to $ 5 billion per year over the shortcomings inherent in air traffic control systems. For example, the airline «United Airlines» estimated their annual losses resulting from the control delay, delay of flights, which joined other flights, airport delays at terminals, waiting in line for takeoff, destination unprofitable levels and sub-optimal flight routes in the amount of exceeding 670 million dollars.
So the CNS/ATM system faces the following key objectives:
- Increasing of air traffic safety;
- To allow airspace users greater freedom in the choice of dynamic 3D and 4D trajectory flight;
- To increase the level of information awareness of airspace users on meteorological conditions, nearby aircraft and useful information;
- Increase the impact of user decision-making ATM, including the use of digital communication lines between the pilot and the controller;
- Gradual transition to FPBN;
- Reducing the number of flights delays and disruptions graphics;
- Improve the accuracy of location detection functions for navigation and approach;
- Creation of opportunities for future growth of air transport market.
The issue of security operations are the subject of special attention of ICAO, so under the terms of the Convention on International Civil Aviation is studying the best examples of their settlement in different regions of the world, developing standards and guidelines for the implementation of their national soil. Standards and recommended practices of ICAO is the key to the effectiveness and safety of civil aviation.
To solve the problems facing the building structure CNS / ATM ICAO, working closely with manufacturers of aviation technology, developed the concept of a future air navigation system (Future Air Navigation System - FANS) [59]. FANS concept plays a key role in the evolution of CNS / ATM. In particular, affects the development of all components of CNS. FANS concept is dynamic and changes over time, trying to objectively meet the existing and future technologies. Its vision of air navigation equipment offered by Boeing (FANS-1 standards and FANS-2) and Airbus (standards FANS-FANS-A and B).