14.3. Navigation

Intensive growth rate airlift put many questions to navigation systems. Considering the efficacy, safety and efficiency of flight is one of the highest priority tasks imposed on the structure of the air navigation system in a continuous growth of congestion of airspace.

The main priority areas improve navigation avionics systems are:

• Use navigation features based on the characteristics of the Aircraft;
• Improve the accuracy of satellite navigation systems through the deployment of terrestrial infrastructure stations differential corrections;
• Improve safety on landing stage by introducing MLS and satellite landing systems;
• Upgrading FMS;
• Standardization of information systems based Aircraft systems synthetic vision to create a common information space pilot.

Rapid development of the systems of navigation provoked the change of regulating documentation and entailed passing to the navigation that is based on descriptions.

The gradual passing to the navigation that is based on descriptions (Performance - Based Navigation - PBN) allowed to give up the orientation of the aeronautical system on certain information (navigation sensors) generators [93]. Conception of PBN sets requirements to the equipment of avionics as certain values of exactness, integrity, operating readiness, continuity and functional possibilities, necessary for implementation pre-arranged flights in certain air space. Requirements to descriptions are driven to the navigation specifications in that a navigation equipment registers also, that it is possible to apply for their inhibition.

Based on the general requirements of navigation parameters generated operational requirements. Developers aeronautical engineering can consider options for installation aboard various Aircraft navigation equipment available technical tools that will ensure compliance with the requirements. Thus, it is possible to select the most cost-effective option for Aircraft equipment.

Especially important role played by the concept of PBN in the implementation of new aircraft, as it allows to introduce new navigation system that meet your requirements, regardless of navigational equipment.

Navigation specifications are basic documents that set the basic requirements to descriptions of the aeronautical system. There are two types of specifications of area navigation (Аrea Navigation - RNAV) and necessary navigation descriptions (Required Navigation Performance - RNP), Fig. 204. Inter se they are very alike. A basic difference is circumstance that the specifications of RNP contain requirements that touch a presence onboard Aircraft equipment of control after the observance of the set descriptions and delivery of the corresponding signaling in case of their disparity

Navigation specifications set necessary descriptions of side equipment in accordance with determination of exactness of location Aircraft. Requirements to exactness 95% navigation equipment of avionics in accordance with the stage of flight it is driven to the table. 7. In general case every specification answers the certain stage of flight.